March 2023 monthly market insights

The sizzling rally in January may have gone too far and markets began to cool in February in response to signals that the economy remains too hot. Central banks may not be done in tightening just yet. Recent surprise in labour market data and an uptick in inflation suggests that rates will need to move even higher and will likely stay higher for longer than anticipated last month. The Federal Reserve and other global central banks will likely have to continue on their path of tightening and more rate hikes may be required to tame the sticky inflation. The markets peaked in early February and began to taper in the middle of the month as investors questioned the sustainability of the rally given rich valuations and elevated recession risks. The risk-on sentiment quickly disappeared after a flash appearance in January. The S&P 500 index ended the month just below the 4000 level that it has been hovering around since mid-2022.

The narrative around recession continues to evolve. Despite heightened probability of recession, economies continue to show resilience and unexpected pockets of strength. The soft-landing/hard-landing narrative has been usurped by the potential for a “no-landing” scenario, the word-of-the-month for economists in February, which points to continued but anemic economic growth, a low unemployment rate and moderating inflation.

Recent data shows that the labour market remains tight as January’s US Non-Farm Payrolls were blowout numbers with 517,000 jobs added, much stronger than expectation at 187,000 jobs. Jobless claims and initial jobless were both below expectation.

Source: Bloomberg data as of February 28, 2023

The warmer than usual winter and China’s re-opening are clearly a boost to global economy, especially in service industries. The latest Service PMI indices across US, Europe and UK have bounced past 50.0 back into the expansionary territory, demonstrating remarkable resilience. That is, however, also putting more pressure on service inflation. ISM Services Prices Paid Index in the US continues to retreat from peak of mid 80s but remains elevated at 65.

Globally inflation has been cooling since it peaked in early 2022 partly due to falling energy prices, partly due to prices of durable goods as the supply chain continued to heal. However, January’s inflation data surprised to the upside in the US, Germany, and Japan, with pick up in spending on goods and services, including motor vehicles, food services, and accommodation. While consumer demand for goods is starting to fall in the U.S, consumption of services is still above trend. The combination of jobs gains, higher consumer demand, and rising wages will continue to put pressures on service inflation.

With tight labour markets and stubborn inflation, the Federal Reserve has, towards the end of the month, doubled down on their hawkish rhetoric and expressed the need to raise rates further. Bond markets sold off quickly, 10-year government yield rallied from a low of 3.39% in early February to end the month at 3.92%. The expectation for peak rate in the US also moved much higher, from under 5% to over 5.5% in June 2023. The market no longer expects meaningful rate cuts by the Federal Reserve in 2023. Current expectations are for rates to remain above 5% through early 2024. Bank of Canada is the only central bank that is believed to have reached the end of this tightening cycle and is expected to stay on pause till the end of this year.

Source: Bloomberg data as of November 30, 2022

Bank of Canada is the only central bank that is believed to have reached the end of this tightening cycle and is expected to stay on pause till the end of this year.

Earnings estimates for 2023 and 2024 have continued their downward trend since mid-2022. While some companies have been able to surprise with their recent quarterly results, the trend at the overall index levels continues to be downward. Companies have been able to grow revenues enough to offset the drop in margins. Profitability is showing early signs of stabilization, as inflation moderates, and supply chains heal. However, earnings growth is still expected to be anemic given the decline in demand amidst tightening financial conditions, and if layoffs pick up steam. Lower profit margins will also impact future earnings, though profit margins remain relatively stable as producer prices have dropped sharply since their peak.